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About CBSE XII Chemistry

CBSE XI Chemistry teaches the basics of modern chemistry. It is very important for Science students to have a good understanding of this subject to score well in XII Board exams


CBSE Chemistry Marks distribution

The CBSE 11th exam for chemistry dedicates 70 marks to the theory exam, and 30 marks to Practicals. The breakdown and syllabus for the exam is given below.


Marks Chapters
4 Unit 1: Solid State
5 Unit2: Solutions
5 Unit 3: Electrochemistry
5 Unit 4: Chemical Kinetics
4 Unit 5: Surface Chemistry
3 Unit 6: General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements
8 Unit 7: p-Block Elements
5 Unit 8: d and f-Block Elements
3 Unit 9: Coordination Compounds
4 Unit 10: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
4 Unit 11: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
6 Unit 12: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
4 Unit 13: Organic Compounds containing Nitrogen
4 Unit 14: Biomolecules
3 Unit 15: Polymers
3 Unit 16: Chemistry in Everyday Life


CBSE XII Chemistry Syllabus


1. Solid State


1.1 Classification of solids based on different binding forces: molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea). Unit cell in two dimensional and three dimensional lattices, calculation of density of unit cell, packing in solids, packing efficiency, voids, number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects, electrical and magnetic properties. Band theory of metals, conductors, semiconductors and insulators and n and p type semiconductors.



2. Solutions


2.1Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions, Raoult's law, colligative properties - relative lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses using colligative properties, abnormal molecular mass, Van't Hoff factor.


3. Electrochemistry


3.1 Redox reactions, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells, Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variations of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch's Law, electrolysis and law of electrolysis (elementary idea), dry cell-electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells, lead accumulator, fuel cells, corrosion.


4. Chemical Kinetics


4.1 Rate of a reaction (Average and instantaneous), factors affecting rate of reaction: concentration, temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction, rate law and specific rate constant, integrated rate equations and half-life (only for zero and first order reactions), concept of collision theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment), activation energy, Arrhenius equation.


5. Surface Chemistry


5.1 Adsorption - physisorption and chemisorption, factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids, catalysis: homogenous and heterogenous, activity and selectivity of solid catalysts; enzyme catalysis, colloidal state: distinction between true solutions, colloids and suspension; lyophilic, lyophobic, multi-molecular and macromolecular colloids; properties of colloids; Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, coagulation, emulsion - types of emulsions.


6. p-block elements


6.1: Group 15 Elements - General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, oxidation states, trends in physical and chemical properties; Nitrogen preparation properties and uses; compounds of Nitrogen: preparation and properties of Ammonia and Nitric Acid, Oxides of Nitrogen (Structure only); Phosphorus - allotropic forms, compounds of Phosphorus: Preparation and properties of Phosphine, Halides and Oxoacids (elementary idea only).
6.2: Group 16 Elements - General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, dioxygen: preparation, properties and uses, classification of Oxides, Ozone, Sulphur -allotropic forms; compounds of Sulphur: preparation properties and uses of Sulphur-dioxide, Sulphuric Acid: industrial process of manufacture, properties and uses; Oxoacids of Sulphur (Structures only).
6.3: Group 17 Elements - General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties; compounds of halogens, Preparation, properties and uses of Chlorine and Hydrochloric acid, interhalogen compounds, Oxoacids of halogens (structures only).
6.4: Group 18 Elements - General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, uses.


7. General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements


7.1 Principles and methods of extraction - concentration, oxidation, reduction - electrolytic method and refining; occurrence and principles of extraction of aluminium, copper, zinc and iron.


8. d and f-Block Elements


8.1 - General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals, general trends in properties of the first row transition metals – metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, alloy formation, preparation and properties of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4.
8.2: Lanthanoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity and lanthanoid contraction and its consequences.
8.3: Actinoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states and comparison with lanthanoids.


9. Coordination Compounds


9.1 Coordination compounds - Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds. Bonding, Werner's theory, VBT, and CFT; structure and stereoisomerism, importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and biological system).


10. Haloalkanes and Haloarenes


10.1: Haloalkanes - Nomenclature, nature of C–X bond, physical and chemical properties, optical rotation mechanism of substitution reactions.
10.2: Haloarenes - Nature of C–X bond, substitution reactions (Directive influence of halogen in monosubstituted compounds only).
10.3 - Uses and environmental effects of - dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, iodoform, freons, DDT.


11. Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers


11.1: Alcohols - Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary alcohols only), identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, mechanism of dehydration, uses with special reference to methanol and ethanol.
11.2: Phenols - Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic nature of phenol, electrophillic substitution reactions, uses of phenols.
11.3: Ethers - Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses.


12. Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids


12.1: Aldehydes and Ketones - Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes, uses.
12.2: Carboxylic Acids - Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties; uses.


13. Amines


13.1: Amines - Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses, identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.
13.2: Diazonium Salts - Preparation, chemical reactions and importance in synthetic organic chemistry.


14. Biomolecules


14.1: Carbohydrates - Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccahrides (glucose and fructose), D-L configuration oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen); Importance of carbohydrates.
14.2: Proteins - Elementary idea of - amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins, structure of proteins - primary, secondary, tertiary structure and quaternary structures (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins; enzymes. Hormones - Elementary idea excluding structure.
14.3: Vitamins - Classification and functions.
14.4: Nucleic Acids - DNA and RNA


15. Polymers


15.1 - Classification - natural and synthetic, methods of polymerization (addition and condensation), copolymerization, some important polymers: natural and synthetic like polythene, nylon polyesters, bakelite, rubber. Biodegradable and non-biodegradable polymers.


16. Chemistry in Everyday Life


16.1 - Chemicals in medicines - analgesics, tranquilizers antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, antifertility drugs, antibiotics, antacids, antihistamines. Chemicals in food - preservatives, artificial sweetening agents, elementary idea of antioxidants. Cleansing agents- soaps and detergents, cleansing action.


Practicals Syllabus


Marks Chapters
10 Volumetric Analysis
8 Salt Analysis
6 Content Based Experiment
6 Class Record and Viva

A. Basic Laboratory Techniques


1 General introduction, methods of purification, qualitative and quantitative analysis, classification and IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds. Electronic displacements in a covalent bond: inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance and hyper conjugation. Homolytic and heterolytic fission of a covalent bond: free radicals, carbocations, carbanions, electrophiles and nucleophiles, types of organic reactions.
2 General introduction, methods of purification, qualitative and quantitative analysis, classification and IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds. Electronic displacements in a covalent bond: inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance and hyper conjugation. Homolytic and heterolytic fission of a covalent bond: free radicals, carbocations, carbanions, electrophiles and nucleophiles, types of organic reactions.



CBSE Chemistry Class – XII