Acids and Bases

Started by Harini, December 31, 2022, 01:34:02 PM

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Harini

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I need help to approach these problems

uma

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In this question, osmotic pressure and pH is given.
This information is used in two ways
First using osmotic  pressure (in atm) and R value and temperature (K) we will calculate molarity(M) of weak base (B)
pi(osmotic pressure) = MRT
so M = pi /RT
Now this can be taken as initial concentration of weak base.
pH of solution can be used to calculate pOH
pH +pOH = 14
pOH = 14-pH
Use this information to get [OH-]
[OH-] = 10-pOH
Now we can make equilibrium system of this weak B
RICE table
R   B + H2O <----->   BH+ + OH-
I     M Calculated above)     0                           0
C    - X                                 +X                        +X
E     M-X                               X                          X
Kb  =  [BH+] . [OH-]/
Kb =   X2/  (M-X)

You know X = [OH-] and you now M so you can calculate Kb

uma

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In this question, you want to calculate amount of Cl2 in 1L of water.You can calculate molarity(M) of solution by using Ka value and RICE table.
pH = 1.19
[H+] = 10 -1.19




RICE table
R   Cl2(aq) + H2O (l)<----->   H+(aq) + Cl- (aq) + HOCl(aq)
I     M Calculated above)     0                                  0              0              0
C    - X                                 +X                                 +X            +X              +X   
E     M-X                               X                                    X               X                 X


Ka =   X3/  (M-X)

You know X = [H+] and you now Ka so you can calculate M

Convert M into moles and moles into grams.
You know M = moles/Volume in L

uma

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pH of solution can be used to calculate pOH
pH +pOH = 14
pOH = 14-pH

Use this information to get [OH-]
[OH-] = 10-pOH
Now we can make equilibrium system of this weakNH3
RICE table
R  NH3 + H2O <----->  NH4+ + OH-
I     M Calculated above)     0                           0
C    - X                                 +X                        +X
E     M-X                               X                          X
Kb  =  1.8 * 10^-5
Kb =   X2/  (M-X)

You know X = [OH-] and you now calculate  M
From molarity calculate moles of NH3 in 4L

Use ideal gas law
V = nRT/P to calculate volume of NH3 bubbled in 4L of water.

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